Benzo[a]pyrene
Status: National drinking water standard exists
Benzo[a]pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, or PAH, released from combustion of fossil fuels and waste incinerators. PAHs increase the risk of cancer; damage the immune, nervous and reproductive systems; and can harm developing fetuses.
Health concerns for benzo[a]pyrene
Cancer
Harm to the immune system
Harm to reproduction and child development
Change to the central nervous system
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.007 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.007 ppb for benzo[a]pyrene was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer.
EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 0.2 ppb
The legal limit for benzo[a]pyrene, established in 1992, was based on analytical detection limits at the time that the standard was set. This limit may not fully protect against the risk of cancer due to PAH exposure.
ppb = parts per billion
States reporting benzo[a]pyrene in drinking water
UTILITIES REPORTING ABOVE HEALTH GUIDELINES | UTILITIES WITH CONTAMINATION | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State | Utilities | People Served | Utilities | People Served | |||
Texas | 1 | 240 | 26 | 2,289,805 | |||
Indiana | 1 | 330 | 7 | 843,437 | |||
Louisiana | 8 | 31,362 | 12 | 585,741 | |||
Nevada | 0 | 0 | 2 | 328,932 | |||
Pennsylvania | 21 | 142,877 | 22 | 143,878 | |||
Kentucky | 15 | 86,806 | 20 | 143,308 | |||
North Carolina | 5 | 51,805 | 12 | 80,307 | |||
Rhode Island | 4 | 67,053 | 4 | 67,053 | |||
New York | 5 | 35,120 | 6 | 44,320 | |||
Maryland | 6 | 36,733 | 6 | 36,733 | |||
Florida | 8 | 16,773 | 10 | 30,010 | |||
Arkansas | 8 | 22,381 | 8 | 22,626 | |||
Alabama | 1 | 16,632 | 1 | 16,632 | |||
Delaware | 1 | 11,350 | 1 | 11,350 | |||
Wisconsin | 4 | 2,642 | 4 | 2,642 | |||
Ohio | 2 | 2,288 | 2 | 2,288 | |||
West Virginia | 2 | 781 | 2 | 781 |
Filtering technologies that reduce benzo[a]pyrene
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Utilities with the highest amounts of benzo[a]pyrene, 2017-2019
Utility | Location | Tests | Average level | People served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Derby Mobile Home Park | Montpelier, VT | 1 of 3 | 0.200 ppb | 265 |
Shattuck Hill Mobile Home Park | Lyndonville, VT | 1 of 3 | 0.200 ppb | 129 |
Derby Center Water System* | Derby, VT | 1 of 3 | 0.200 ppb | 1,400 |
Tannehill Park Inc. | Erlanger, IN | 1 of 2 | 0.120 ppb | 330 |
Piney Point | Hollywood, MD | 1 of 2 | 0.0700 ppb | 672 |
Pine Grove Estates Water System | Cypress, TX | 1 of 2 | 0.0600 ppb | 240 |
Riddle Farm | Berlin, MD | 1 of 2 | 0.0550 ppb | 600 |
Highridge Water Authority* | Blairsville, PA | 1 of 14 | 0.0400 ppb | 16,000 |
Lakeview Acres Lot Owners | Johnson Lake, NE | 1 of 28 | 0.0341 ppb | 60 |
Dixon Correctional Institute | Jackson,, LA | 2 of 2 | 0.0290 ppb | 1,700 |
Camden Water & Sewer Department* | Camden, AL | 1 of 12 | 0.0250 ppb | 4,170 |
Ponderosa Pines Water Company | La Pine, OR | 1 of 4 | 0.0250 ppb | 900 |
York Township Water Authority Public Water System | Powhatan Point, OH | 1 of 8 | 0.0250 ppb | 481 |
Powhatan Point Public Water System* | Powhatan Point, OH | 1 of 8 | 0.0250 ppb | 1,807 |
Pike Township Municipal Authority* | Curwensville, PA | 1 of 10 | 0.0220 ppb | 4,500 |
Grampian Borough Penn Township Ma | Grampian, PA | 1 of 10 | 0.0220 ppb | 1,400 |
Liberty Water Works* | Liberty, KY | 2 of 4 | 0.0215 ppb | 2,302 |
Lynch Water Works | Lynch, KY | 1 of 1 | 0.0210 ppb | 1,078 |
Bee's Rv Resort | Clermont, FL | 1 of 2 | 0.0200 ppb | 158 |
Dequeen Water Work | Dequeen, AR | 2 of 8 | 0.0188 ppb | 6,594 |
Naval Station, Newport | Newport, RI | 14 of 116 | 0.0181 ppb | 7,871 |
United States Navy -fort Adams | Newport, RI | 14 of 116 | 0.0181 ppb | 318 |
City of Newport* | Newport, RI | 14 of 116 | 0.0181 ppb | 42,000 |
Portsmouth Water & Fire District | Portsmouth, RI | 14 of 116 | 0.0181 ppb | 16,864 |
Desales University | Center Valley, PA | 1 of 9 | 0.0167 ppb | 2,000 |
Blocker Crossroads Water Supply Corporation | Marshall, TX | 1 of 11 | 0.0164 ppb | 1,602 |
Frostproof, City of | Frostproof, FL | 2 of 12 | 0.0160 ppb | 3,550 |
Kreamer Municipal Authority | Kreamer, PA | 1 of 12 | 0.0150 ppb | 980 |
Harris County MUD 53 | Houston, TX | 1 of 27 | 0.0148 ppb | 16,164 |
Spring Lake Water District | Lake Katrine, NY | 1 of 5 | 0.0140 ppb | 270 |
Golden Hill Water District | Kingston, NY | 1 of 5 | 0.0140 ppb | 1,600 |
Hillside Acres Water Company | Hurley, NY | 1 of 5 | 0.0140 ppb | 460 |
Kingston Water District* | Kingston, NY | 1 of 5 | 0.0140 ppb | 32,310 |
East Kingston Water District | Lake Katrine, NY | 1 of 5 | 0.0140 ppb | 480 |
East Hempfield Water Authority | Landisville, PA | 2 of 35 | 0.0137 ppb | 20,220 |
Coal City* | Coal City, IL | 1 of 10 | 0.0131 ppb | 5,587 |
Carbon Hill | Carbon Hill, IL | 1 of 10 | 0.0131 ppb | 345 |
Lake Tippecanoe | Sarasota, FL | 1 of 1 | 0.0130 ppb | 377 |
Deer Run Mobile Home Community | Merrill, WI | 1 of 1 | 0.0130 ppb | 49 |
Vali-view Mobile Home Park | Montoursville, PA | 1 of 7 | 0.0129 ppb | 150 |
Colchester Commons | Colchester, CT | 1 of 13 | 0.0123 ppb | 224 |
Craven County Water System* | New Bern, NC | 1 of 34 | 0.0121 ppb | 32,500 |
Cove City, Town of | Cove City, NC | 1 of 34 | 0.0121 ppb | 440 |
Municipal Authority of Washington Township | Belle Vernon, PA | 1 of 11 | 0.0118 ppb | 9,100 |
Pence Waterworks | Pence, WI | 1 of 1 | 0.0110 ppb | 191 |
Beaver Falls Municipal Authority* | Beaver Falls, PA | 1 of 10 | 0.0110 ppb | 50,000 |
Montreal Waterworks* | Montreal, WI | 1 of 1 | 0.0110 ppb | 887 |
Zelienople Borough | Zelienople, PA | 1 of 10 | 0.0110 ppb | 4,123 |
Flagler Beach Water Treatment Plant* | Flagler Beach, FL | 1 of 5 | 0.0108 ppb | 4,858 |
Campton Water System* | Campton, KY | 1 of 4 | 0.0108 ppb | 6,600 |
* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Benzo[a]pyrene, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.
Utility | Location | Tests | Average level | People served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Highridge Water Authority* | Blairsville, PA | 1 of 14 | 0.0400 ppb | 16,000 |
City of Newport* | Newport, RI | 14 of 116 | 0.0181 ppb | 42,000 |
Portsmouth Water & Fire District | Portsmouth, RI | 14 of 116 | 0.0181 ppb | 16,864 |
Harris County MUD 53 | Houston, TX | 1 of 27 | 0.0148 ppb | 16,164 |
Kingston Water District* | Kingston, NY | 1 of 5 | 0.0140 ppb | 32,310 |
East Hempfield Water Authority | Landisville, PA | 2 of 35 | 0.0137 ppb | 20,220 |
Craven County Water System* | New Bern, NC | 1 of 34 | 0.0121 ppb | 32,500 |
Beaver Falls Municipal Authority* | Beaver Falls, PA | 1 of 10 | 0.0110 ppb | 50,000 |
Versailles Water System* | Versailles, KY | 1 of 5 | 0.00940 ppb | 17,822 |
City of Cumberland* | Cumberland, MD | 1 of 12 | 0.00917 ppb | 27,039 |
Wayne Water Districts* | Goldsboro, NC | 1 of 145 | 0.00690 ppb | 32,426 |
Douglas* | Douglas, AL | 1 of 3 | 0.00667 ppb | 16,632 |
West Feliciana Consol Wwks District 13 | St. Francisville, LA | 4 of 18 | 0.00600 ppb | 10,956 |
Orange Water & Sewer Authority | Carrboro, NC | 1 of 4 | 0.00500 ppb | 83,300 |
Angola Pump District | Dover, DE | 1 of 10 | 0.00500 ppb | 11,350 |
St Charles* | St. Charles, IL | 1 of 31 | 0.00474 ppb | 33,264 |
Robeson County Water System* | Lumberton, NC | 1 of 80 | 0.00375 ppb | 64,295 |
Warrenville | Warrenville, IL | 1 of 33 | 0.00315 ppb | 12,709 |
Bristol County Water Authority* | Warren, RI | 1 of 32 | 0.00313 ppb | 51,000 |
West Jefferson Waterworks District 2* | Jefferson, LA | 2 of 20 | 0.00240 ppb | 188,770 |
Somerset Water Service* | Somerset, KY | 1 of 14 | 0.00200 ppb | 29,700 |
Southeastern Water Assoc/Nelson Valley* | Somerset, KY | 1 of 14 | 0.00200 ppb | 21,895 |
Eubank Water System* | Eubank, KY | 1 of 14 | 0.00200 ppb | 12,492 |
Connecticut Water Company - Northern Region-Western System* | Clinton, CT | 1 of 48 | 0.00131 ppb | 98,390 |
Kingman Municipal Water | Kingman, AZ | 2 of 50 | 0.00130 ppb | 45,000 |
Shelbyville Water & Sewer Commission* | Shelbyville, KY | 1 of 16 | 0.00125 ppb | 23,760 |
Beauregard Water Works District #3 | Dry Creek, LA | 2 of 48 | 0.000958 ppb | 21,600 |
City of Tyler* | Tyler, TX | 1 of 32 | 0.000938 ppb | 104,798 |
Miramar (East & West) Plants | Miramar, FL | 1 of 16 | 0.000750 ppb | 127,700 |
Sacramento Suburban Water District* | Sacramento, CA | 1 of 381 | 0.000682 ppb | 171,200 |
North Lenoir Water Corp | Kinston, NC | 1 of 61 | 0.000656 ppb | 14,669 |
Sun Valley Gid | Sun Valley, NV | 2 of 200 | 0.000625 ppb | 17,000 |
Truckee Meadows Water Authority* | Reno, NV | 2 of 200 | 0.000625 ppb | 311,932 |
Bayleaf Master | Cary, NC | 1 of 448 | 0.000513 ppb | 15,565 |
Lee County WSC | Giddings, TX | 1 of 39 | 0.000513 ppb | 12,030 |
City of Houston* | Houston, TX | 1 of 163 | 0.000245 ppb | 2,231,588 |
City of Webster | Webster, TX | 1 of 163 | 0.000245 ppb | 13,710 |
City of South Houston | South Houston, TX | 1 of 163 | 0.000245 ppb | 17,397 |
Citizens Water - Indianapolis* | Indianapolis, IN | 2 of 727 | 0.000193 ppb | 825,173 |
City of Chandler | Chandler, AZ | 1 of 205 | 0 ppb | 247,328 |
Baton Rouge Water Company* | Baton Rouge, LA | 2 of 412 | 0 ppb | 527,067 |
* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Benzo[a]pyrene, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.