Vanadium

Status: No national drinking water standard exists

Vanadium is a metal used in steels and other alloys. People are commonly exposed to vanadium in water and food. Excessive exposure can be toxic during pregnancy and childhood.

2013-2019:

FOUND

FOUND ABOVE HEALTH GUIDELINES

states detected

6,979

utilities detected

212 million

people served

states over health guideline

121

utilities over health guideline

2.4 million

people served over health guideline

Health concerns for vanadium

Change in blood chemistry

Harm to reproduction and child development

State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines

EWG Health Guideline 21 ppb

The EWG Health Guideline of 21 ppb for vanadium was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a benchmark for testing under the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule program. This health guideline protects against change in blood chemistry.

ppb = parts per billion

States reporting vanadium in drinking water

	UTILITIES REPORTING ABOVE HEALTH GUIDELINES			UTILITIES WITH CONTAMINATION
State	Utilities	People Served		Utilities	People Served
California		89	1,286,344			943	37,202,481
Texas		1	132,950			724	20,083,149
Florida		0	0			298	16,855,795
Illinois		0	0			429	9,357,353
New York		0	0			200	7,338,988
Ohio		0	0			235	7,257,939
North Carolina		0	0			316	6,221,377
Georgia		0	0			153	5,904,543
Arizona		2	20,851			99	5,755,638
New Jersey		0	0			125	5,596,913
Washington		1	100			196	5,303,949
Michigan		0	0			161	5,212,300
Virginia		0	0			140	5,144,622
Colorado		0	0			167	5,084,191
Tennessee		0	0			158	4,940,976
Maryland		0	0			38	4,332,430
Alabama		0	0			185	4,184,015
Pennsylvania		0	0			160	4,173,929
Missouri		0	0			134	3,697,441
Kentucky		0	0			177	3,480,907
South Carolina		0	0			151	3,127,513
Massachusetts		0	0			115	3,072,772
Louisiana		0	0			103	2,909,587
Oregon		1	1,505			87	2,821,349
Wisconsin		0	0			89	2,712,752
Oklahoma		5	245,352			175	2,674,249
Nevada		0	0			21	2,623,631
Utah		0	0			76	2,554,843
Connecticut		0	0			55	2,322,132
Indiana		0	0			70	2,138,345
Kansas		0	0			133	2,077,441
Minnesota		0	0			45	1,757,375
Arkansas		1	1,987			126	1,714,868
Iowa		0	0			165	1,571,466
New Mexico		4	100,651			39	1,405,760
Hawaii		16	559,995			25	1,349,608
Nebraska		0	0			37	1,142,841
Rhode Island		0	0			34	959,740
Idaho		1	48,260			26	867,816
Mississippi		0	0			31	753,160
District Of Columbia		0	0			3	664,572
Delaware		0	0			23	576,760
West Virginia		0	0			41	548,439
South Dakota		0	0			102	450,989
Alaska		0	0			15	410,940
North Dakota		0	0			20	407,547
Montana		0	0			41	396,015
New Hampshire		0	0			28	311,937
Wyoming		0	0			38	254,319
Maine		0	0			8	151,047
Vermont		0	0			19	39,471

LESS

Filtering technologies that reduce vanadium

Utilities with the highest amounts of vanadium, 2013-2019

ALL UTILITIES

LARGE UTILITIES

Utility	Location	Tests	Average level	People served
SBNDO County Service Area 70J	Victorville, CA	11 of 11	83.1 ppb	10,111
Waikoloa	Waikoloa, HI	6 of 6	59.8 ppb	12,100
North Kona*	Hilo, HI	26 of 26	58.0 ppb	29,581
Keopu Water Association	Holualoa, HI	26 of 26	58.0 ppb	250
Yukon	Yukon, OK	4 of 4	50.2 ppb	22,498
Sultana Community Services District	Sultana, CA	4 of 4	49.5 ppb	650
City of Dinuba	Dinuba, CA	4 of 4	44.8 ppb	23,666
City of Ripon	Ripon, CA	11 of 11	44.0 ppb	14,915
City of Modesto, Salida	Modesto, CA	10 of 10	44.0 ppb	24,440
City of Kerman	Kerman, CA	16 of 16	43.6 ppb	14,068
City of Reedley	Reedley, CA	20 of 20	43.5 ppb	24,842
Victorville Water District	Victorville, CA	198 of 198	43.0 ppb	111,649
City of Kingsburg	Kingsburg, CA	15 of 15	42.4 ppb	11,504
City Of Modesto, De Hillcrest	Modesto, CA	1 of 1	42.0 ppb	1,322
Spring Creek Estates Public Water System	Stockton, CA	2 of 2	41.0 ppb	90
Pilot Rock, City of	Pilot Rock, OR	6 of 6	40.1 ppb	1,505
Arvin Community Services District	Arvin, CA	11 of 11	39.6 ppb	19,000
City of Turlock*	Turlock, CA	20 of 20	38.8 ppb	64,215
City Of Modesto - Central Turlock	Modesto, CA	20 of 20	38.8 ppb	500
Mustang	Mustang, OK	10 of 11	38.7 ppb	15,435
Rio Linda/Alverta Community Water District	Rio Linda, CA	24 of 24	38.5 ppb	13,386
Oasis Investments	Modesto, CA	8 of 8	38.0 ppb	75
Eagle's Nest Resort	Porterville, CA	1 of 1	36.0 ppb	50
Moore	Moore, OK	31 of 31	35.1 ppb	55,083
Fairway Estates Public Water System Csa-18	Stockton, CA	2 of 2	35.0 ppb	68
Waipio Heights	Honolulu, HI	6 of 6	34.0 ppb	11,516
San Joaquin County-raymus Village	Stockton, CA	4 of 4	34.0 ppb	1,086
Del Rio East Homeowners Association Water System	Modesto, CA	4 of 4	34.0 ppb	110
Wine Country Apartments	Lodi, CA	1 of 1	34.0 ppb	40
Allensworth Community Services District	Earlimart, CA	1 of 1	34.0 ppb	400
City of Manteca	Manteca, CA	120 of 122	33.4 ppb	66,451
City of Midland	Midland, TX	12 of 12	33.3 ppb	132,950
California State University Fresno	Fresno, CA	8 of 8	32.6 ppb	23,000
Santa Ynez Roblar Mobile Home Park	La Canada, CA	1 of 1	31.0 ppb	45
Waialua	Honolulu, HI	4 of 4	31.0 ppb	9,996
Lemon Cove Water Company	Lemon Cove, CA	2 of 2	30.5 ppb	200
Mililani	Honolulu, HI	8 of 8	29.7 ppb	50,573
Hawaiian Shores	Pahoa, HI	4 of 4	29.5 ppb	1,360
City of Atwater	Atwater, CA	19 of 19	29.4 ppb	29,050
Portales Water System*	Portales, NM	8 of 8	29.4 ppb	14,067
Roosevelt County Water Users Association	Portales, NM	8 of 8	29.4 ppb	4,672
Villa Cerezos	Los Altos, CA	2 of 2	29.0 ppb	200
North Perris Water System	Perris, CA	8 of 8	28.9 ppb	3,350
City of Loma Linda	Loma Linda, CA	67 of 67	28.8 ppb	23,261
City Of Rio Vista	Rio Vista, CA	7 of 11	28.8 ppb	7,376
Landale Mutual Water Company	Lancaster, CA	1 of 1	28.6 ppb	500
A1 Winstons Mobile Home Park	Stockton, CA	2 of 2	28.5 ppb	75
Desert Springs Mutual Water Company	Lucerne Valley, CA	2 of 2	28.5 ppb	325
Tull Water	Malvern, AR	8 of 8	28.4 ppb	1,987
Hobbs Municipal Water Supply	Hobbs, NM	20 of 20	28.4 ppb	38,936

* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Vanadium, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.

Utility	Location	Tests	Average level	People served
SBNDO County Service Area 70J	Victorville, CA	11 of 11	83.1 ppb	10,111
Waikoloa	Waikoloa, HI	6 of 6	59.8 ppb	12,100
North Kona*	Hilo, HI	26 of 26	58.0 ppb	29,581
Yukon	Yukon, OK	4 of 4	50.2 ppb	22,498
City of Dinuba	Dinuba, CA	4 of 4	44.8 ppb	23,666
City of Modesto, Salida	Modesto, CA	10 of 10	44.0 ppb	24,440
City of Ripon	Ripon, CA	11 of 11	44.0 ppb	14,915
City of Kerman	Kerman, CA	16 of 16	43.6 ppb	14,068
City of Reedley	Reedley, CA	20 of 20	43.5 ppb	24,842
Victorville Water District	Victorville, CA	198 of 198	43.0 ppb	111,649
City of Kingsburg	Kingsburg, CA	15 of 15	42.4 ppb	11,504
Arvin Community Services District	Arvin, CA	11 of 11	39.6 ppb	19,000
City of Turlock*	Turlock, CA	20 of 20	38.8 ppb	64,215
Mustang	Mustang, OK	10 of 11	38.7 ppb	15,435
Rio Linda/Alverta Community Water District	Rio Linda, CA	24 of 24	38.5 ppb	13,386
Moore	Moore, OK	31 of 31	35.1 ppb	55,083
Waipio Heights	Honolulu, HI	6 of 6	34.0 ppb	11,516
City of Manteca	Manteca, CA	120 of 122	33.4 ppb	66,451
City of Midland	Midland, TX	12 of 12	33.3 ppb	132,950
California State University Fresno	Fresno, CA	8 of 8	32.6 ppb	23,000
Mililani	Honolulu, HI	8 of 8	29.7 ppb	50,573
City of Atwater	Atwater, CA	19 of 19	29.4 ppb	29,050
Portales Water System*	Portales, NM	8 of 8	29.4 ppb	14,067
City of Loma Linda	Loma Linda, CA	67 of 67	28.8 ppb	23,261
Hobbs Municipal Water Supply	Hobbs, NM	20 of 20	28.4 ppb	38,936
City of Buckeye Sonora - Sundance	Buckeye, AZ	8 of 8	28.3 ppb	15,783
Waipahu-Ewa-Waianae	Honolulu, HI	41 of 41	28.2 ppb	217,479
Rancho California Water District*	Temecula, CA	91 of 97	28.2 ppb	120,000
City of Delano	Delano, CA	48 of 50	28.1 ppb	49,800
Kalaheo-Koloa	Lihue, HI	32 of 32	27.8 ppb	12,660
Schofield Barracks*	Schofield Barracks, HI	4 of 4	27.3 ppb	37,920
Norman*	Norman, OK	80 of 80	26.9 ppb	72,928
City of McFarland	Mcfarland, CA	20 of 22	26.7 ppb	12,333
Camrosa Water District	Camarillo, CA	30 of 31	26.7 ppb	30,000
Wahiawa*	Honolulu, HI	6 of 6	25.8 ppb	23,348
Epcor Water New Mexico Inc Clovis	Clovis, NM	30 of 30	25.5 ppb	42,976
Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam*	Jbpph, HI	12 of 12	25.1 ppb	65,230
City of Clovis	Clovis, CA	74 of 77	23.9 ppb	103,871
City of Tulare	Tulare, CA	90 of 92	23.7 ppb	60,823
City of Lodi	Lodi, CA	72 of 72	23.7 ppb	63,395
Coachella Water Authority	Coachella, CA	54 of 54	23.5 ppb	41,904
City of Edmond - Arcadia Lake*	Arcadia, OK	87 of 87	23.5 ppb	79,408
City of Lindsay	Lindsay, CA	14 of 14	23.3 ppb	13,445
City of Ceres	Ceres, CA	31 of 31	23.1 ppb	42,666
City of Exeter	Exeter, CA	14 of 14	22.6 ppb	10,539
City of Riverbank	Riverbank, CA	39 of 39	22.1 ppb	22,201
City of Twin Falls	Twin Falls, ID	16 of 16	21.8 ppb	48,260
California American Water Company - Antelope	Sacramento, CA	72 of 72	21.7 ppb	34,168
Wailuku	Wailuku, HI	87 of 87	21.6 ppb	74,511
City of Madera	Madera, CA	37 of 37	21.5 ppb	63,105