Cyanide
Status: National drinking water standard exists
Cyanide is a toxic chemical that causes central nervous system and thyroid toxicity. Water contamination is generally the result of metal mining and chemical industry waste, runoff from agriculture and road salts used for melting ice.
Health concerns for cyanide
Harm to the brain and nervous system
Harm to the thyroid
Harm to the central nervous system
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 150 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 150 ppb for cyanide was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against harm to the brain and nervous system.
EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 200 ppb
The legal limit for cyanide, established in 1992, was based on a 1955 toxicity study conducted in laboratory animals. This limit does not include any additional consideration of children’s health.
ppb = parts per billion
States reporting cyanide in drinking water
UTILITIES WITH CONTAMINATION | |||
---|---|---|---|
State | Utilities | People Served | |
Texas | 1,040 | 17,028,625 | |
Florida | 108 | 2,539,181 | |
New York | 91 | 1,733,886 | |
Utah | 50 | 933,689 | |
California | 24 | 801,551 | |
Missouri | 32 | 783,278 | |
Pennsylvania | 62 | 651,038 | |
New Jersey | 38 | 415,877 | |
North Carolina | 15 | 396,608 | |
Alabama | 9 | 363,642 | |
Mississippi | 38 | 319,878 | |
Kentucky | 39 | 286,065 | |
Louisiana | 25 | 276,885 | |
West Virginia | 56 | 229,779 | |
Oklahoma | 2 | 106,928 | |
Wisconsin | 6 | 98,493 | |
Ohio | 19 | 84,615 | |
Iowa | 28 | 80,799 | |
Indiana | 14 | 51,810 | |
New Mexico | 9 | 51,491 | |
Delaware | 11 | 46,180 | |
Arkansas | 12 | 30,133 | |
Illinois | 11 | 25,243 | |
Tennessee | 3 | 25,139 | |
Nebraska | 18 | 18,606 | |
Virginia | 8 | 14,436 | |
Minnesota | 28 | 14,312 | |
Vermont | 2 | 11,495 | |
Michigan | 1 | 9,390 | |
Hawaii | 1 | 5,998 | |
Massachusetts | 2 | 2,864 | |
Rhode Island | 2 | 2,626 | |
Arizona | 3 | 1,726 | |
Washington | 5 | 752 | |
Connecticut | 4 | 580 | |
Oregon | 3 | 484 | |
Alaska | 1 | 461 | |
Maine | 3 | 82 | |
Georgia | 1 | 52 |
Filtering technologies that reduce cyanide
Reverse Osmosis
Ion Exchange
Utilities with the highest amounts of cyanide, 2017-2019
Utility | Location | Tests | Average level | People served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Middletown Water Utility | Middletown, IN | 1 of 2 | 450.0 ppb | 2,050 |
Chesterfield Water Department | Chesterfield, IN | 1 of 3 | 266.7 ppb | 2,800 |
Rambo Water | Rogers, AR | 14 of 19 | 260.5 ppb | 93 |
Elpine Village | Bemidji, MN | 1 of 3 | 253.3 ppb | 125 |
Aaseby Court | Thief River Falls, MN | 5 of 10 | 217.0 ppb | 50 |
New Harmony Water Utility | New Harmony, IN | 1 of 3 | 191.0 ppb | 1,633 |
Crab Orchard, Village of* | Crab Orchard, NE | 1 of 2 | 189.0 ppb | 56 |
Johnson County Rural Water District #1 West* | Tecumseh, NE | 1 of 2 | 189.0 ppb | 962 |
Strandquist | Strandquist, MN | 6 of 10 | 186.2 ppb | 77 |
Armstrong Water Supply Corporation | Holland, TX | 1 of 1 | 180.0 ppb | 2,838 |
City of Odessa* | Odessa, TX | 3 of 3 | 173.0 ppb | 97,802 |
Ector County Utility District | Odessa, TX | 3 of 3 | 173.0 ppb | 15,300 |
City of Odonnell | Odonnell, TX | 2 of 2 | 172.0 ppb | 831 |
Township 29 Water Association | Mount Vernon, WA | 1 of 1 | 172.0 ppb | 38 |
Harris County Municipal Utility District 383* | Houston, TX | 2 of 2 | 160.0 ppb | 4,062 |
City of Anson* | Anson, TX | 2 of 2 | 154.0 ppb | 2,500 |
Harris County Municipal Utility District 183 | Houston, TX | 2 of 2 | 150.0 ppb | 3,999 |
City of Corpus Christi* | Corpus Christi, TX | 27 of 28 | 148.2 ppb | 325,733 |
Corpus Christi Naval Air Station | Corpus Christi, TX | 27 of 28 | 148.2 ppb | 8,349 |
Violet Water Supply Corporation | Robstown, TX | 27 of 28 | 148.2 ppb | 2,670 |
South Texas Water Authority* | Kingsville, TX | 27 of 28 | 148.2 ppb | 0 |
Verdel, Village of | Niobrara, NE | 1 of 1 | 146.0 ppb | 30 |
Lakeshore Sites Water | Haskell, TX | 2 of 2 | 144.5 ppb | 58 |
Paint Creek Water Supply Corporation* | Stamford, TX | 2 of 2 | 144.5 ppb | 445 |
Leisure Hills | Westfork, AR | 9 of 15 | 140.0 ppb | 105 |
City of Early | Brownwood, TX | 1 of 1 | 140.0 ppb | 2,980 |
Valley Municipal Utility District 2 Rancho Viejo | Brownsville, TX | 6 of 6 | 136.7 ppb | 2,500 |
Harris County Municipal Utility District 400 - West* | Houston, TX | 2 of 2 | 135.0 ppb | 4,029 |
Freeborn | Freeborn, MN | 1 of 3 | 130.0 ppb | 297 |
City of La Feria | La Feria, TX | 6 of 6 | 128.3 ppb | 8,247 |
City of Baird* | Baird, TX | 7 of 8 | 126.4 ppb | 1,492 |
Harris County Municipal Utility District 155* | Houston, TX | 2 of 2 | 125.0 ppb | 2,433 |
Harris County Municipal Utility District 162 | Houston, TX | 2 of 2 | 125.0 ppb | 2,649 |
Culver Water Department | Culver, IN | 1 of 2 | 125.0 ppb | 1,391 |
Southmost Regional Water Authority* | Brownsville, TX | 2 of 2 | 125.0 ppb | 0 |
Harris County Municipal Utility District 156 | Houston, TX | 2 of 2 | 125.0 ppb | 2,115 |
West Harris County Municipal Utility District 15* | Houston, TX | 4 of 4 | 125.0 ppb | 672 |
City of Clyde* | Clyde, TX | 18 of 18 | 120.8 ppb | 3,345 |
West Bell County Water Supply Corporation | Killeen, TX | 12 of 12 | 119.2 ppb | 4,308 |
City of Rogers | Rogers, TX | 12 of 12 | 119.2 ppb | 1,455 |
City of Lott | Lott, TX | 12 of 12 | 119.2 ppb | 1,056 |
City of Buckholts | Buckholts, TX | 12 of 12 | 119.2 ppb | 515 |
Central Texas Water Supply Corporation* | Harker Heights, TX | 12 of 12 | 119.2 ppb | 0 |
City of Rosebud | Rosebud, TX | 12 of 12 | 119.2 ppb | 2,226 |
City of Holland | Holland, TX | 12 of 12 | 119.2 ppb | 1,120 |
Dog Ridge Water Supply Corporation | Belton, TX | 12 of 12 | 119.2 ppb | 4,830 |
Mooreville Water Supply Corporation | Chilton, TX | 12 of 12 | 119.2 ppb | 201 |
City of Lawn | Lawn, TX | 23 of 24 | 119.0 ppb | 780 |
Decatur Waterworks | Decatur, AR | 17 of 25 | 117.6 ppb | 2,383 |
Brownsville Public Utilities Board* | Brownsville, TX | 12 of 12 | 116.7 ppb | 176,362 |
* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Cyanide, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.
Utility | Location | Tests | Average level | People served |
---|---|---|---|---|
City of Odessa* | Odessa, TX | 3 of 3 | 173.0 ppb | 97,802 |
Ector County Utility District | Odessa, TX | 3 of 3 | 173.0 ppb | 15,300 |
City of Corpus Christi* | Corpus Christi, TX | 27 of 28 | 148.2 ppb | 325,733 |
Brownsville Public Utilities Board* | Brownsville, TX | 12 of 12 | 116.7 ppb | 176,362 |
City of Waco* | Waco, TX | 22 of 27 | 115.2 ppb | 130,194 |
City of Hutto | Hutto, TX | 2 of 2 | 110.0 ppb | 16,638 |
City of Nederland* | Nederland, TX | 5 of 6 | 110.0 ppb | 17,545 |
City of Leander | Leander, TX | 6 of 6 | 110.0 ppb | 43,764 |
City of Abilene* | Abilene, TX | 29 of 29 | 109.3 ppb | 123,886 |
Langham Creek Utility District* | Houston, TX | 5 of 6 | 106.7 ppb | 10,377 |
City of Sweetwater* | Sweetwater, TX | 6 of 6 | 101.6 ppb | 11,760 |
Lubbock Public Water System* | Lubbock, TX | 9 of 10 | 101.4 ppb | 266,263 |
City of Belton | Belton, TX | 17 of 17 | 97.6 ppb | 21,214 |
City of Killeen | Killeen, TX | 17 of 17 | 97.6 ppb | 140,806 |
City of Copperas Cove* | Copperas Cove, TX | 17 of 17 | 97.6 ppb | 33,919 |
US Army South Fort Hood | Fort Hood, TX | 17 of 17 | 97.6 ppb | 35,669 |
City of Harker Heights | Harker Heights, TX | 17 of 17 | 97.6 ppb | 30,365 |
City of Mesquite* | Mesquite, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 143,350 |
City of Rockwall* | Rockwall, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 43,750 |
City of Allen | Allen, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 102,762 |
City of Forney* | Forney, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 19,122 |
City of Terrell* | Terrell, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 17,500 |
Town of Little Elm* | Little Elm, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 41,796 |
City of Rowlett | Rowlett, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 59,300 |
City of Garland | Garland, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 236,786 |
City of Fate | Fate, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 14,327 |
City of Wylie | Wylie, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 44,418 |
Town of Prosper | Prosper, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 22,650 |
East Fork SUD | Wylie, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 13,596 |
City of Frisco* | Frisco, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 192,261 |
City of McKinney* | Mckinney, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 169,710 |
City of Plano* | Plano, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 277,720 |
Caddo Basin SUD | Greenville, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 13,335 |
City of Richardson | Richardson, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 104,300 |
City of Sachse | Sachse, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 25,937 |
City of Royse City | Royse City, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 14,212 |
City of Murphy | Murphy, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 20,361 |
City of Princeton* | Princeton, TX | 16 of 18 | 93.6 ppb | 16,932 |
City of Snyder* | Snyder, TX | 2 of 2 | 92.1 ppb | 10,783 |
City of Georgetown* | Georgetown, TX | 48 of 55 | 92.0 ppb | 102,687 |
City of Brenham* | Brenham, TX | 5 of 6 | 90.0 ppb | 15,716 |
City of Edinburg | Edinburg, TX | 11 of 12 | 86.7 ppb | 85,224 |
Ashland Water and Sewer Department* | Ashland, MA | 1 of 2 | 86.0 ppb | 16,593 |
Wells Branch MUD 1 | Austin, TX | 16 of 17 | 85.9 ppb | 22,062 |
North Austin Municipal Utility District 1 | Austin, TX | 16 of 17 | 85.9 ppb | 11,133 |
City of Austin Water & Wastewater* | Austin, TX | 16 of 17 | 85.9 ppb | 981,783 |
Northtown MUD | Austin, TX | 16 of 17 | 85.9 ppb | 11,520 |
City of Mansfield* | Mansfield, TX | 5 of 6 | 85.4 ppb | 68,612 |
Franklin Water Department | Franklin, TN | 1 of 1 | 85.0 ppb | 52,781 |
North Alamo Water Supply Company* | Edinburg, TX | 44 of 49 | 83.3 ppb | 138,855 |
* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Cyanide, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.