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EWG's Tap Water Database — 2021 UPDATE

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Haloacetic acids (HAA9)

Status: No national drinking water standard exists

 

Haloacetic acids are formed when disinfectants such as chlorine are added to tap water. The group of nine haloacetic acids includes monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid, which are regulated as a group by the federal government (HAA5); and bromochloroacetic acid, bromodichloroacetic acid, chlorodibromoacetic acid, and tribromoacetic acid. Read More.

Haloacetic acids are harmful during pregnancy and may increase the risk of cancer. Haloacetic acids are genotoxic, which means that they induce mutations and DNA damage. Multiple studies by the National Toxicology Program have demonstrated the cancer-causing properties of individual haloacetic acids in laboratory animals. The Department of Health and Human Services is currently considering listing di- or tri-haloacetic acids for possible inclusion in its comprehensive Report on Carcinogens

2018-2021:

FOUND
FOUND ABOVE HEALTH GUIDELINES

50

states detected

8,480

utilities detected

260 million

people served

50

states over health guideline

7,781

utilities over health guideline

241 million

people served over health guideline

State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines

EWG Health Guideline 0.06 ppb

The EWG Health Guideline of 0.06 ppb for the group of nine haloacetic acids, or HAA9, was defined in a peer-reviewed scientific study by EWG and represents a one-in-a-million lifetime cancer risk level as . This health guideline protects against cancer.

ppb = parts per billion

States reporting haloacetic acids (HAA9) in drinking water

UTILITIES REPORTING ABOVE HEALTH GUIDELINES UTILITIES WITH CONTAMINATION
State UtilitiesPeople Served UtilitiesPeople Served
California45034,528,34250636,327,029
Texas79421,052,18884422,576,481
Florida33617,844,01637419,229,278
New York30018,559,26432919,188,717
Illinois50810,081,11351010,288,820
Pennsylvania2849,276,5003019,757,833
Ohio3027,379,5573388,939,992
Georgia1646,723,0891968,338,605
New Jersey2117,701,8842308,335,645
North Carolina3756,958,6154217,735,299
Tennessee2005,310,4772206,441,134
Virginia1636,248,5801636,283,702
Massachusetts1685,365,7461935,922,910
Michigan1865,215,3292065,894,769
Arizona785,104,2321005,791,057
Colorado1685,413,0191885,592,412
Washington1745,239,8281955,478,248
Maryland484,802,477614,985,854
Alabama2394,760,4602454,964,719
Missouri1994,077,2251784,095,697
Indiana1643,763,4481904,044,865
Kentucky2063,787,2602253,981,638
South Carolina1572,862,6831923,595,724
Minnesota1343,134,2721483,503,595
Louisiana1352,660,3951453,434,645
Wisconsin1052,930,1821113,021,169
Oregon832,686,686932,821,399
Oklahoma1692,546,5101912,735,021
Nevada182,634,333192,643,646
Utah642,364,341752,607,745
Connecticut622,406,188702,502,459
Kansas1462,196,0131342,238,646
Arkansas1721,970,5251862,049,457
Iowa1831,800,1261891,849,768
New Mexico391,416,456471,519,446
Mississippi741,215,410901,363,949
Hawaii191,222,968221,288,589
Nebraska17503,736281,095,641
West Virginia95870,3551091,040,289
Rhode Island32945,06635995,255
Idaho16648,56122805,224
Delaware12653,07614674,672
District Of Columbia3664,5723664,572
New Hampshire37521,32944594,864
South Dakota103443,994117486,092
Alaska17428,66322472,039
North Dakota35459,50824442,101
Maine17394,80819422,246
Montana40381,55539381,362
Wyoming51284,42449289,519
Vermont29142,36230144,062
MORE
LESS

Filtering technologies that reduce haloacetic acids (HAA9)

Activated Carbon

Reverse Osmosis

Utilities with the highest amounts of haloacetic acids (HAA9), 2018-2021

ALL UTILITIES
LARGE UTILITIES
UtilityLocationTestsAverage levelPeople served
Durant*Durant, OK16 of 16182.7 ppb15,545
West Wise Special Utility District*Bridgeport, TX20 of 20181.5 ppb3,354
City of San Angelo*San Angelo, TX32 of 32181.0 ppb100,450
Red Creek Municipal Utility DistrictSan Angelo, TX32 of 32181.0 ppb915
Goodfellow Air Force BaseGoodfellow Afb, TX32 of 32181.0 ppb5,000
Twin Buttes Water SystemSan Angelo, TX32 of 32181.0 ppb35
City of Holly HillHolly Hill, FL8 of 8169.1 ppb13,437
City of AliceAlice, TX15 of 16137.3 ppb18,949
Lakeshore Swartz Water SystemWest Monroe, LA16 of 16118.4 ppb11,330
Military Highway WSC - Las Rusias WTPProgreso, TX16 of 16111.8 ppb14,292
Logansport Water System*Logansport, LA8 of 8110.1 ppb1,555
Palm Lake Estates SouthRiviera Bch, FL8 of 8107.9 ppb700
Riviera Beach Utility District*Riviera Beach, FL8 of 8107.9 ppb34,700
Palm Lake Estates NorthRiviera Beach, FL8 of 8107.9 ppb480
Fern Crest Utilities Inc.Ft Lauderdale, FL4 of 4103.0 ppb3,123
Muskogee County Rural Water District #3Council Hill, OK8 of 898.6 ppb900
CaseyvilleCaseyville, IL16 of 1694.9 ppb17,000
Okmulgee County Rural Water District #1Schulter, OK16 of 1694.4 ppb1,890
MorrisMorris, OK16 of 1694.4 ppb1,440
Okmulgee County Rural Water District #20Morris, OK16 of 1694.4 ppb2,377
Okmulgee County Rural Water District #4Morris, OK16 of 1694.4 ppb1,913
Okmulgee County Rural Water District #7 (nuyaka)Okmulgee, OK16 of 1694.4 ppb2,357
Okmulgee*Okmulgee, OK16 of 1694.4 ppb13,495
Marshall County Water Corp*Madill, OK16 of 1687.5 ppb14,717
Texoma HillsMadill, OK16 of 1687.5 ppb212
Cynthiana Water WorksCynthiana, IN16 of 1685.7 ppb699
German Township Water District Inc.*Evansville, IN16 of 1685.7 ppb12,110
Nueces County WCID 3*Robstown, TX16 of 1685.5 ppb14,607
River Acres Water Supply CorporationRobstown, TX16 of 1685.5 ppb2,700
City of Mount VernonMount Vernon, TX8 of 884.6 ppb2,662
Claremore*Claremore, OK16 of 1679.3 ppb15,873
Rogers County Rural Water District # 2Claremore, OK16 of 1679.3 ppb2,750
City of LemooreLemoore, CA4 of 479.2 ppb24,945
Dekalb-Jackson Water Supply DistrictIder, AL12 of 1278.3 ppb15,531
Marco Island Utilities*Marco Island, FL12 of 1278.0 ppb27,470
Goodland Water CompanyGoodland, FL12 of 1278.0 ppb805
Belleville Water Department*Belleville, NJ16 of 1678.0 ppb35,129
South Central Water AssnRaymond, MS6 of 677.2 ppb11,930
OSU Water PlantStillwater, OK12 of 1273.8 ppb13,000
Ellerbe, Town ofEllerbe, NC16 of 1673.8 ppb1,640
Richmond County Water System*Rockingham, NC16 of 1673.8 ppb21,755
Indian Village Water SystemCalhoun, LA4 of 473.7 ppb1,686
Bolivar Peninsula SUDCrystal Beach, TX16 of 1673.4 ppb17,328
Hypoluxo VillageLake Clarke Shores, FL4 of 471.8 ppb1,645
Wallkill Consolidated WDMiddletown, NY12 of 1271.7 ppb18,175
Dekalb Utility District #1*Smithville, TN12 of 1271.4 ppb14,424
City of Waxahachie*Waxahachie, TX16 of 1668.0 ppb36,422
Muskogee*Muskogee, OK16 of 1667.7 ppb38,310
Muskogee County Rural Water District #6Wainwright, OK16 of 1667.7 ppb2,550
Muskogee County Rural Water District #2 (gooseneck)Muskogee, OK16 of 1667.7 ppb1,000

* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Haloacetic acids (HAA9), but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.

UtilityLocationTestsAverage levelPeople served
Durant*Durant, OK16 of 16182.7 ppb15,545
City of San Angelo*San Angelo, TX32 of 32181.0 ppb100,450
City of Holly HillHolly Hill, FL8 of 8169.1 ppb13,437
City of AliceAlice, TX15 of 16137.3 ppb18,949
Lakeshore Swartz Water SystemWest Monroe, LA16 of 16118.4 ppb11,330
Military Highway WSC - Las Rusias WTPProgreso, TX16 of 16111.8 ppb14,292
Riviera Beach Utility District*Riviera Beach, FL8 of 8107.9 ppb34,700
CaseyvilleCaseyville, IL16 of 1694.9 ppb17,000
Okmulgee*Okmulgee, OK16 of 1694.4 ppb13,495
Marshall County Water Corp*Madill, OK16 of 1687.5 ppb14,717
German Township Water District Inc.*Evansville, IN16 of 1685.7 ppb12,110
Nueces County WCID 3*Robstown, TX16 of 1685.5 ppb14,607
Claremore*Claremore, OK16 of 1679.3 ppb15,873
City of LemooreLemoore, CA4 of 479.2 ppb24,945
Dekalb-Jackson Water Supply DistrictIder, AL12 of 1278.3 ppb15,531
Marco Island Utilities*Marco Island, FL12 of 1278.0 ppb27,470
Belleville Water Department*Belleville, NJ16 of 1678.0 ppb35,129
South Central Water AssnRaymond, MS6 of 677.2 ppb11,930
OSU Water PlantStillwater, OK12 of 1273.8 ppb13,000
Richmond County Water System*Rockingham, NC16 of 1673.8 ppb21,755
Bolivar Peninsula SUDCrystal Beach, TX16 of 1673.4 ppb17,328
Wallkill Consolidated WDMiddletown, NY12 of 1271.7 ppb18,175
Dekalb Utility District #1*Smithville, TN12 of 1271.4 ppb14,424
City of Waxahachie*Waxahachie, TX16 of 1668.0 ppb36,422
Muskogee*Muskogee, OK16 of 1667.7 ppb38,310
City of Kerrville*Kerrville, TX16 of 1667.7 ppb22,217
City of Mabank*Mabank, TX12 of 1267.6 ppb11,349
Ohio County Water District*Hartford, KY16 of 1667.4 ppb14,733
City of Topeka*Topeka, KS32 of 3267.4 ppb165,000
Southern Pines*Pinebluff, NC12 of 1267.2 ppb21,121
Quantico Marine Base-Mainside*Quantico, VA16 of 1666.8 ppb14,525
Newark Water Department*Newark, NJ48 of 4866.3 ppb294,274
McAlester PWA*Mcalester, OK16 of 1665.5 ppb18,206
Village of Palm Springs*Palm Springs, FL7 of 765.4 ppb32,467
Eubank Water System*Eubank, KY16 of 1665.2 ppb12,492
Rogers County RWD # 5*Claremore, OK16 of 1665.1 ppb11,782
City of GrovesGroves, TX16 of 1665.1 ppb15,967
Monroe Water System*Monroe, LA23 of 2364.9 ppb52,572
North Monroe Et Al Water SystemWest Monroe, LA23 of 2364.9 ppb10,866
Anson County Water System*Wadesboro, NC16 of 1664.2 ppb13,380
Midwest CityMidwest City, OK32 of 3262.9 ppb55,935
Aqua Pa Roaring Creek DivisionShamokin, PA13 of 1362.8 ppb43,000
Boaz Water and Sewer Board*Boaz, AL16 of 1662.8 ppb14,325
Manatee County Utilities Department*Bradenton, FL36 of 3661.7 ppb447,382
Mt Werner WD*Steamboat Springs, CO8 of 861.5 ppb16,980
FairburnFairburn, GA8 of 861.1 ppb14,000
Marine Corps Air Station Cherry PointCherry Point, NC8 of 860.8 ppb17,144
Bowling Green Municipal Utilities*Bowling Green, KY32 of 3260.6 ppb44,912
Aqua Pa Shenango Valley WTP*Sharon, PA16 of 1660.3 ppb48,000
City of Port Lavaca*Port Lavaca, TX16 of 1660.3 ppb12,248

* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Haloacetic acids (HAA9), but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.