1,1,1-Trichloroethane

Status: National drinking water standard exists

1,1,1-Trichloroethane is a solvent and a degreasing agent used for manufacturing metal products and as ingredient in cleaners and aerosols. Exposure to 1,1,1-trichloroethane can harm the nervous system, liver and circulatory system.

2017-2019:

FOUND

FOUND ABOVE LEGAL LIMIT

states detected

135

utilities detected

5.2 million

people served

states over legal limit

utilities over legal limit

people served over legal limit

Health concerns for 1,1,1-trichloroethane

Harm to the brain and nervous system

State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines

EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 200 ppb

The legal limit for 1,1,1-trichloroethane, established in 1987, was based on toxicity studies conducted in laboratory animals in the 1970s and 1980s.

ppb = parts per billion

States reporting 1,1,1-trichloroethane in drinking water

	UTILITIES WITH CONTAMINATION
State	Utilities	People Served
New York		39	1,686,890
California		17	1,292,044
Pennsylvania		17	891,973
Florida		17	371,043
Wisconsin		7	259,241
Indiana		3	180,960
Illinois		5	155,224
New Jersey		7	112,685
Connecticut		2	51,128
Massachusetts		3	50,921
Alabama		1	38,700
Utah		1	33,000
West Virginia		5	30,479
Ohio		2	26,400
North Carolina		1	5,862
Washington		4	2,896
Virginia		1	1,975
North Dakota		1	1,280
Alaska		2	511

LESS

Filtering technologies that reduce 1,1,1-trichloroethane

Utilities with the highest amounts of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 2017-2019

ALL UTILITIES

LARGE UTILITIES

Utility	Location	Tests	Average level	People served
Bets Water System	Oak Harbor, WA	6 of 6	15.0 ppb	50
Grafton Waterworks	Grafton, WI	77 of 155	5.98 ppb	11,745
Madisonburg Water Works	Madisonburg, PA	5 of 6	3.85 ppb	250
Umh Arbor Estates	Doylestown, PA	6 of 6	2.85 ppb	920
Coraopolis Water & Sewer Authority*	Coraopolis, PA	7 of 8	2.49 ppb	6,000
Hinsdale Town Water District	Hinsdale, NY	6 of 6	2.47 ppb	350
Grafton Water District*	Grafton, MA	6 of 58	1.55 ppb	10,703
Nikishka Bay	Anchorage, AK	6 of 6	1.50 ppb	470
Milford City Public Water System	Milford, OH	31 of 57	1.15 ppb	6,400
Mcconnellsburg Borough Municipal Authority	Mcconnellsburg, PA	17 of 29	0.911 ppb	2,000
Rainier Terrace	Port Orchard, WA	7 of 7	0.876 ppb	125
Edna Mahan Correctional	Clinton, NJ	2 of 2	0.860 ppb	1,080
Holden Water Division, DPW	Holden, MA	21 of 49	0.767 ppb	17,106
Easton Water Div*	Easton, MA	12 of 30	0.720 ppb	23,112
Birchview Properties	Fairbanks, AK	6 of 7	0.643 ppb	41
Rolla, City of	Rolla, ND	2 of 3	0.633 ppb	1,280
Hicksville WD	Hicksville, NY	349 of 1,389	0.613 ppb	48,000
Georgetown*	Georgetown, IL	4 of 6	0.583 ppb	3,678
Olivet Public Water District	Georgetown, IL	4 of 6	0.583 ppb	325
Vevay Water Department	Vevay, IN	1 of 2	0.550 ppb	1,750
Clinton	Clinton, MI	7 of 14	0.521 ppb	2,336
Lomira Waterworks	Lomira, WI	10 of 25	0.519 ppb	2,461
Ausable Heights Water System	Keeseville, NY	1 of 1	0.500 ppb	46
Walnutport Mobile Court	Walnutport, PA	1 of 8	0.488 ppb	150
Green Meadow Estates Of Rockford Llc	Hillsborough, IL	22 of 66	0.477 ppb	970
South Huntington Water Department	South Huntington, NY	4 of 4	0.456 ppb	81,760
Cassadaga Village	Cassadaga, NY	12 of 23	0.446 ppb	760
Riverside Village	Painted Post, NY	5 of 6	0.433 ppb	492
Painted Post Village*	Painted Post, NY	5 of 6	0.433 ppb	2,334
Unadilla Village	Unadilla, NY	4 of 7	0.374 ppb	1,128
Pompton Lakes Mua	Pompton Lakes, NJ	5 of 10	0.347 ppb	11,435
Upper Hanover Water Authority*	East Greenville, PA	11 of 26	0.342 ppb	4,600
Lake Shawnee Estates	Rockville, VA	2 of 18	0.284 ppb	348
Rockford	Rockford, IL	26 of 112	0.269 ppb	147,051
Pequannock Twp Water Department*	Pompton Plains, NJ	4 of 14	0.264 ppb	14,010
Ashwood Apartments	Chester Springs, PA	4 of 10	0.260 ppb	75
Florida Pines Mobile Home Park	Venice, FL	1 of 2	0.250 ppb	280
Point Pleasant Water Works*	Pt. Pleasant, WV	2 of 5	0.234 ppb	5,290
Mason County Psd-camp Conley	Pt. Pleasant, WV	2 of 5	0.234 ppb	458
Mossy Head, Town of	Defuniak Springs, FL	2 of 10	0.230 ppb	3,511
Charlotte Courthouse, Town of	Charlotte Courthouse, VA	2 of 9	0.222 ppb	1,975
Great Oaks Water Company Inc.*	San Jose, CA	12 of 48	0.211 ppb	99,199
Goodman Sanitary District No 1	Goodman, WI	1 of 1	0.210 ppb	350
Garfield Water Department	Garfield, NJ	25 of 83	0.205 ppb	30,487
Dayton Water Utility	Dayton, IN	4 of 12	0.198 ppb	1,420
Lafayette Water Works*	Lafayette, IN	4 of 12	0.198 ppb	67,140
Mineola	Mineola, NY	46 of 504	0.196 ppb	20,600
Bethpage WD	Bethpage, NY	154 of 941	0.194 ppb	33,000
City of San Jose - EVG/EDV/COY	San Jose, CA	8 of 32	0.193 ppb	93,300
East Middlebury Fd 1	East Middlebury, VT	1 of 7	0.186 ppb	642

* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.

Utility	Location	Tests	Average level	People served
Grafton Waterworks	Grafton, WI	77 of 155	5.98 ppb	11,745
Grafton Water District*	Grafton, MA	6 of 58	1.55 ppb	10,703
Holden Water Division, DPW	Holden, MA	21 of 49	0.767 ppb	17,106
Easton Water Div*	Easton, MA	12 of 30	0.720 ppb	23,112
Hicksville WD	Hicksville, NY	349 of 1,389	0.613 ppb	48,000
South Huntington Water Department	South Huntington, NY	4 of 4	0.456 ppb	81,760
Pompton Lakes Mua	Pompton Lakes, NJ	5 of 10	0.347 ppb	11,435
Rockford	Rockford, IL	26 of 112	0.269 ppb	147,051
Pequannock Twp Water Department*	Pompton Plains, NJ	4 of 14	0.264 ppb	14,010
Great Oaks Water Company Inc.*	San Jose, CA	12 of 48	0.211 ppb	99,199
Garfield Water Department	Garfield, NJ	25 of 83	0.205 ppb	30,487
Lafayette Water Works*	Lafayette, IN	4 of 12	0.198 ppb	67,140
Mineola	Mineola, NY	46 of 504	0.196 ppb	20,600
Bethpage WD	Bethpage, NY	154 of 941	0.194 ppb	33,000
City of San Jose - EVG/EDV/COY	San Jose, CA	8 of 32	0.193 ppb	93,300
Weirton Area Water Board*	Weirton, WV	5 of 10	0.174 ppb	22,694
Miamisburg City PWS	Miamisburg, OH	2 of 8	0.171 ppb	20,000
Garden City	Garden City, NY	64 of 732	0.171 ppb	46,000
Westbury WD	Westbury, NY	90 of 366	0.167 ppb	20,500
Franklin Square WD	Franklin Square, NY	91 of 446	0.163 ppb	20,000
Parsippany-Troy Hills Water Department	Parsippany, NJ	19 of 120	0.132 ppb	50,400
Auburn Water System	Crestview, FL	7 of 15	0.117 ppb	25,344
Hempstead	Hempstead, NY	29 of 497	0.107 ppb	56,000
Plainview WD	Plainview, NY	33 of 456	0.0936 ppb	35,000
Paw Glen Alsace Div	Birdsboro, PA	4 of 34	0.0794 ppb	24,951
San Jose Water Company*	San Jose, CA	30 of 378	0.0777 ppb	998,000
San Jose State University	San Jose, CA	30 of 378	0.0777 ppb	30,000
Swta - Main System*	Allentown, PA	4 of 36	0.0678 ppb	14,500
Midvale City Water System	Midvale, UT	4 of 65	0.0677 ppb	33,000
South Bend Water Works	South Bend, IN	10 of 131	0.0595 ppb	112,400
Manchester Water Department*	Manchester, CT	7 of 98	0.0571 ppb	51,066
US Army Aviation and Missile Command	Redstone Arsenal, AL	2 of 13	0.0514 ppb	38,700
Suffolk County Water Authority*	Bayshore, NY	4 of 4	0.0365 ppb	1,100,000
Smithtown WD	Kings Park, NY	4 of 4	0.0365 ppb	19,635
St James WD	St James, NY	4 of 4	0.0365 ppb	10,587
Valley Water Systems, Inc.	Plainville, CT	3 of 56	0.0288 ppb	18,231
Perkasie Regional Authority	Sellersville, PA	2 of 57	0.0281 ppb	15,000
Moorestown Water Department	Moorestown, NJ	6 of 27	0.0241 ppb	20,700
Lee County Utilities*	Fort Myers, FL	2 of 18	0.0194 ppb	251,502
Gateway Services District	Fort Myers, FL	2 of 18	0.0194 ppb	12,717
Jericho Water District	Syosset, NY	19 of 1,076	0.0184 ppb	58,000
Miramar (East & West) Plants	Miramar, FL	1 of 14	0.0179 ppb	127,700
Hudson Waterworks	Hudson, WI	1 of 23	0.0174 ppb	17,100
Port Washington WD	Port Washington, NY	11 of 512	0.0154 ppb	34,000
Emmaus Borough Public Water*	Emmaus, PA	3 of 107	0.0150 ppb	14,000
Wallingford Water Department	Wallingford, CT	1 of 35	0.0143 ppb	37,267
Cromwell Fire District Water Department	Cromwell, CT	1 of 43	0.0135 ppb	14,316
NJ American Water - Western*	Jericho, NJ	1 of 84	0.0107 ppb	264,586
CTWC - Unionville System*	Clinton, CT	1 of 58	0.0107 ppb	14,693
City of Stuart - Water Plant	Stuart, FL	9 of 214	0.0105 ppb	19,000