Diquat
Status: National drinking water standard exists
Diquat is a herbicide used on potato crops and aquatic weeds.
Health concerns for diquat
Change to fetal growth and development
Change in body weight
Harm to the kidney
Cataracts
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 6 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 6 ppb for diquat was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cataracts.
EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 20 ppb
The legal limit for diquat, established in 1992, was based on a toxicity study in laboratory animals conducted in the 1980s.
ppb = parts per billion
States reporting diquat in drinking water
UTILITIES WITH CONTAMINATION | |||
---|---|---|---|
State | Utilities | People Served | |
Texas | 16 | 1,070,152 | |
Florida | 23 | 782,742 | |
Iowa | 35 | 64,677 | |
Louisiana | 3 | 28,010 | |
Oklahoma | 7 | 23,225 | |
Arizona | 4 | 20,778 | |
Arkansas | 1 | 14,106 | |
New Hampshire | 3 | 9,646 | |
Wyoming | 2 | 1,780 | |
Wisconsin | 1 | 48 | |
Pennsylvania | 1 | 38 |
Filtering technologies that reduce diquat
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Utilities with the highest amounts of diquat, 2017-2019
Utility | Location | Tests | Average level | People served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lycoming Creek Village | Williamsport, PA | 1 of 5 | 3.24 ppb | 38 |
Autumn Woods | Derry, NH | 1 of 1 | 1.90 ppb | 73 |
Milford Water Utilities Department* | Milford, NH | 1 of 2 | 1.85 ppb | 9,500 |
Ashley Commons | Merrimack, NH | 1 of 2 | 1.85 ppb | 73 |
Frostproof, City of | Frostproof, FL | 2 of 12 | 1.27 ppb | 3,550 |
Mid-tex Utilities | Pflugerville, TX | 2 of 7 | 0.714 ppb | 945 |
City of Austin Water & Wastewater* | Austin, TX | 2 of 7 | 0.714 ppb | 981,783 |
City of Sunset Valley | Sunset Valley, TX | 2 of 7 | 0.714 ppb | 1,485 |
City of Rollingwood | Rollingwood, TX | 2 of 7 | 0.714 ppb | 1,611 |
Marsha Water Supply Corporation | Austin, TX | 2 of 7 | 0.714 ppb | 480 |
Northtown MUD | Austin, TX | 2 of 7 | 0.714 ppb | 11,520 |
Hill Oaks Mobile Estates | Austin, TX | 2 of 7 | 0.714 ppb | 168 |
Wells Branch MUD 1 | Austin, TX | 2 of 7 | 0.714 ppb | 22,062 |
North Austin Municipal Utility District 1 | Austin, TX | 2 of 7 | 0.714 ppb | 11,133 |
Rivercrest Water System* | Austin, TX | 2 of 7 | 0.714 ppb | 1,437 |
Nighthawk Water Supply Corporation | Austin, TX | 2 of 7 | 0.714 ppb | 396 |
Travis County Water Control and Improvement District 10 | West Lake Hills, TX | 2 of 7 | 0.714 ppb | 8,913 |
High Valley Water Supply Corporation | Austin, TX | 2 of 7 | 0.714 ppb | 231 |
Woodbridge Estates | Madison, WI | 1 of 1 | 0.680 ppb | 48 |
Empirita Water Company | Tucson, AZ | 1 of 3 | 0.667 ppb | 82 |
Davis* | Davis, OK | 3 of 7 | 0.571 ppb | 2,610 |
City of Hialeah | Hialeah, FL | 1 of 10 | 0.520 ppb | 240,000 |
Dragoon Water Company | Tucson, AZ | 2 of 8 | 0.500 ppb | 317 |
Lake Tippecanoe | Sarasota, FL | 1 of 5 | 0.500 ppb | 377 |
Mescal Lakes Water System | Tucson, AZ | 2 of 8 | 0.500 ppb | 1,479 |
Ruskin Mobiles | Ruskin, FL | 1 of 7 | 0.486 ppb | 36 |
Start Water System | Start, LA | 2 of 8 | 0.475 ppb | 2,514 |
Fletcher | Fletcher, OK | 2 of 3 | 0.467 ppb | 1,022 |
Central | Winter Haven, FL | 1 of 20 | 0.380 ppb | 13,595 |
Adel Municipal Water Works | Adel, IA | 1 of 1 | 0.368 ppb | 3,690 |
Superior, Town Of | Superior, WY | 1 of 4 | 0.308 ppb | 356 |
Lexington & Joseph Harp Correctional Institution | Lexington, OK | 6 of 36 | 0.281 ppb | 3,000 |
Antelope Valley I&s District | Gillette, WY | 1 of 3 | 0.280 ppb | 1,280 |
Lansing Water Supply | Lansing, IA | 1 of 1 | 0.256 ppb | 999 |
Hot Springs Village Waterworks | Hot Springs Village, AR | 1 of 11 | 0.209 ppb | 14,106 |
St. Lucie Mobile Village | Indiantown, FL | 1 of 2 | 0.200 ppb | 750 |
Sheppard Air Force Base | Sheppard Afb, TX | 2 of 8 | 0.175 ppb | 19,500 |
City of Wichita Falls* | Wichita Falls, TX | 2 of 8 | 0.175 ppb | 104,553 |
City of Holliday | Holliday, TX | 2 of 8 | 0.175 ppb | 1,758 |
City of Scotland | Scotland, TX | 2 of 8 | 0.175 ppb | 850 |
Archer County Municipal Utility District 1 | Wichita Falls, TX | 2 of 8 | 0.175 ppb | 1,221 |
City of Lakeside City | Wichita Falls, TX | 2 of 8 | 0.175 ppb | 1,100 |
Horseshoe Bend Estates | Iowa Park, TX | 2 of 8 | 0.175 ppb | 100 |
City of Iowa Park* | Iowa Park, TX | 2 of 8 | 0.175 ppb | 6,355 |
Town of Pleasant Valley | Iowa Park, TX | 2 of 8 | 0.175 ppb | 330 |
Friberg-cooper Water Supply Corporation | Wichita Falls, TX | 2 of 8 | 0.175 ppb | 918 |
Polk Correctional Institution | Polk City, FL | 1 of 2 | 0.155 ppb | 1,500 |
Marquette Water Supply | Marquette, IA | 1 of 2 | 0.154 ppb | 462 |
Ruth Water District | Mcgill, NV | 1 of 15 | 0.153 ppb | 470 |
Ely Municipal Water Department* | Ely, NV | 1 of 15 | 0.153 ppb | 5,000 |
* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Diquat, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.
Utility | Location | Tests | Average level | People served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Northtown MUD | Austin, TX | 2 of 7 | 0.714 ppb | 11,520 |
Wells Branch MUD 1 | Austin, TX | 2 of 7 | 0.714 ppb | 22,062 |
North Austin Municipal Utility District 1 | Austin, TX | 2 of 7 | 0.714 ppb | 11,133 |
City of Austin Water & Wastewater* | Austin, TX | 2 of 7 | 0.714 ppb | 981,783 |
City of Hialeah | Hialeah, FL | 1 of 10 | 0.520 ppb | 240,000 |
Central | Winter Haven, FL | 1 of 20 | 0.380 ppb | 13,595 |
Hot Springs Village Waterworks | Hot Springs Village, AR | 1 of 11 | 0.209 ppb | 14,106 |
Sheppard Air Force Base | Sheppard Afb, TX | 2 of 8 | 0.175 ppb | 19,500 |
City of Wichita Falls* | Wichita Falls, TX | 2 of 8 | 0.175 ppb | 104,553 |
Windermere Community | Pflugerville, TX | 5 of 27 | 0.144 ppb | 20,091 |
Central IA Water Assn (Waverly)* | Newton, IA | 1 of 2 | 0.0950 ppb | 34,245 |
City of Temple Terrace Utility | Temple Terrace, FL | 1 of 14 | 0.0705 ppb | 31,250 |
Manatee County Utilities Department* | Bradenton, FL | 1 of 16 | 0.0606 ppb | 447,382 |
Palmetto Water Department | Palmetto, FL | 1 of 16 | 0.0606 ppb | 12,606 |
Beauregard Water Works District #3 | Dry Creek, LA | 2 of 46 | 0.0374 ppb | 21,600 |
City of Henderson | Henderson, NV | 1 of 14 | 0.0343 ppb | 321,781 |
City of Pineville Water System | Pineville, LA | 2 of 44 | 0.0305 ppb | 20,315 |
City of Buckeye Sonora - Sundance | Buckeye, AZ | 1 of 14 | 0.0236 ppb | 15,783 |
Miramar (East & West) Plants | Miramar, FL | 1 of 16 | 0.0188 ppb | 127,700 |
City of Safford | Safford, AZ | 1 of 30 | 0.0187 ppb | 18,900 |
Gateway Services District | Fort Myers, FL | 1 of 26 | 0.0154 ppb | 12,717 |
Lee County Utilities* | Fort Myers, FL | 1 of 26 | 0.0154 ppb | 251,502 |
* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Diquat, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.